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Abstract:Achieving sustainability is one of the critical challenges of the 21st century. This
study examines the relationships of green resources and green technology with green
manufacturing towards sustainability. It also investigates how environmental regulations
moderate these relationships. The theoretical framework is based on command-and-control
theory, resource-based theory, sustainable manufacturing frameworks and 4R theory. This
study employs quantitative research methodology and uses partial least square structural
equation modelling was used for the data analysis. Data was collected through Likert scalebased questionnaire from 600 respondents including engineers and managers of the
manufacturing units in China and Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was used for the
selection of respondents. The finding shows that green resources and green technology have
positive relationships with green manufacturing with a beta 0.331, t-statistics 4.249, and pvalue 0.000; and a beta 0.468, t-statistics 6.335, and p-value 0.000 respectively. Similarly, green
manufacturing also has a positive and significant relationship with sustainability with a beta
0.610, t-statistics 7.634, and p-value 0.000. The research findings also reveal that
environmental regulations play a moderating role in the relationships between green resources
and green technology with green manufacturing with a beta 0.323, t-statistics 8.623, and pvalue 0.000; and a beta 0.203, t-statistics 11.364, and p-value 0.000 respectively. The findings
provide useful insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to enhance the efficacy
of sustainability initiatives in the manufacturing sector using green manufacturing as a tool. Furthermore, it also helps in the advancement of sustainable development goals (SDG-7, SDG9, SDG-12, SDG-13). |