The study examined the Ikpoba Reservoir water quality suitability as source water for aquaculture. Sixteen (16) water physico-chemical parameters were monitored for a duration of eighteen (18) months from February 2018 to July 2019, and analyzed according to standard methods. Concentration values were compared with the Nigerian Standard Water Quality Criteria for fisheries. Results showed that mean water temperature (27 oC), electrical conductivity (100.46 μS/cm), chloride (27.08 mg/L), potassium (3.40 mg/L), calcium (25.16 mg/L), magnesium (15.56 mg/L) values were favourable for aquaculture. While mean water pH (5.78), turbidity (24.59 NTU), total suspended solids (23.70 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (4.36 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (4.16 mg/L), nitrate (15.67 mg/L) and ammonium (1.63 mg/L), iron (0.95 mg/L), copper (1.37 mg/L) and zinc (1.23 mg/L) concentrations were unsatisfactory for the breeding and survival of fish. The unsatisfactory levels of several physico-chemical parameters and their attendant effects on the development of fishes makes the reservoir water source unsuitable for use in freshwater aquaculture.

In this study, the insecticidal activities in three different concentrations of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from Satureja cilicica L., S. cuneifolia Ten., S. hortensis L., S. spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss., S. thymbra L., S. montana L., Origanum vulgare L., O. onites L., O. syriacum L., Thymbra spicata L., and Thymus sipyleus Boiss. var. sipyleus) (Lamiaceae) were investigated against lesser grain borer (LGB), Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) adults under laboratory conditions. Results demonstrated that the EOs had important insecticidal effects (varying from 95.0 to 100%) after 96 h. Responses differed according to 11 PEOs and their application doses; S. cilicica, S. hortensis and S. spicigera PEOs were the most effective. Other PEOs were low effective. LC50 and LC90 values of the PEOs against the LGB adults were separately figured out. O. onites, O. syriacum and T. spicata EOs exhibited very high fumigant toxicities, with a LC50 value of 0.435 μL insect-1; LC90 value of 2.500 μL insect-1. But S. spicigera and S. thymbra EOs were very low effective (LC50 and LC90 values (1.910 and 3.755 μL insect-1)). Separately, the main components of the tested PEOs wrere indicateded as Carvacrol, Geranial, Thymol and γ -Amorphene. Considering these results, the PEOs may have a potential role to play as a natural alternative insecticide against this pest.

In this study, the effects of the activators applied to the corm and leaves of the Saffron plant on the amounts of safranal and volatile fatty acids in the stigma, toxic volatile components. The amounts of Safranal in the stigma were analyzed by LC-MS/MS instrument. After applications of activators to the corms, the highest amount of safranal was obtained in 4684.060 mg/kg for the application of Albite activator in the first year of application and 9228.774 mg/kg for the application of the bactoboost activator in the second year of the study. The effect of activators applied to the leaves of Saffron interestingly revealed that the highest amount of safranal, 9876.727 mg/kg, was obtained using the Albite activator in the second year of the application. Volatile fatty acids in the Saffron stigmas were determined by GC/MS-MS instrument. The highest fatty acid content with 75.50% was obtained in the application of the Mixamin activator to the corm of the Saffron. However, the highest amount of fatty acid, 60.07%, was observed with the application of Sequestrene to the leaves of the Saffron. Some volatile components having toxic effects were accepted to be used as a drug and pharmacological applications. After applications of activators to the corm of Saffron, some components including isoamyl nitrate, fluorenone and 2-methyl-1-butene were detected to have toxic impacts. Whereas, applications of activators to the leaves of Saffron, volatile components including hydrocarpic acid, undecynoic acid, and tetracosanol were established to have toxic effects.

Forest ecosystems play an important role in global climate change. In forest ecosystems, soil are considered a significant factor in carbon pools. Many studies have been carried out in the evaluation of carbon and nitrogen stocks in forest ecosystems, but the number of studies examining the change depending on altitude is limited. This research aimed to determine the differences of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations at different altitudes of the same age that is mostly used in afforestation in the region. In the study, 22 soil samples were taken from each plantation from soil depths at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 by a random method to represent two plantations. Sampling and evaluation of result were made taking into account the recommendations in the IPCC guideline. Considering results, soil depth carbon stocks at 0-30 cm are 128.5 Mg C ha-1 at high altitude (P1) plantation and 109.3 Mg C ha-1 at low altitude (P2). At the same time, nitrogen stocks are 10.83 Mg ha-1 and 12.86 Mg ha-1, respectively. Altitude has affected C and N stocks. Hence, this effect should be taken into account when investigating stock levels (especially estimation equations). It will be critical to consider the upper layer\'s soil organic carbon stock, particularly in silvicultural initiatives in afforestation areas. Furthermore, the amount of carbon and nitrogen stored in the soil should not be overlooked in greenhouse gas inventories, and ecology-specific management plans should be established in this sense.

Objective: The atopic march is a term that describes the progression of atopic disorders, from atopic dermatitis in young infants and toddlers to allergic rhinitis and asthma in later childhood. This retrospective study was aimed to examine the allergic diseases between 3 and 7 years old in patients with atopic dermatitis in the first 2 years of life. \nMethods: The study populations consisted of 119 children (AD group) aged 0-2 years with atopic dermatitis in 2013, and 92 children (non-AD control group) aged 0-3 months who had a hearing test for screening in the same year. The diagnoses of wheezing, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis in both groups below 2 years old and between 3-7 years old were examined from the hospital\'s database and e-health service (e-pulse).\nResults: Between 3 and 7 years old, the frequency of at least one wheezing attack (28.6% vs. 29.3%, P=0.511), at least three wheezing attacks (15.1% vs. 9.8%, P=0.173) and allergic rhinitis (22.7% vs. 22.8%, P=0.555) were not significantly different between AD and control groups, however, in the AD group, the frequency of at least one wheezing attack (42.6% vs. 19.4%, P=0.006), at least three wheezing attacks (25.6% vs. 8.3%, P=0.011), and allergic rhinitis (38.3% vs. 12.5%, P=0.001) were significantly higher in children with food sensitization than in children without food sensitization.\nConclusions: This retrospective study showed that the later allergic respiratory diseases in children with early-onset atopic dermatitis were associated with food sensitization regardless of early wheezing, and the persistence of atopic dermatitis was associated with multiple food sensitizations.

In this research, the antifungal activity of essential oils on Alternaria solani were investigated. The antifungal effect of the essential oils extracted from Satureja hortensis, Thymbra spicata, Thymus sipyleus, Origanum majorana, O. syriacium, O. onites, O. vulgare , Artemisia absinthium , A. santonicum . and A. spicigera were tested against Alternaria solani the causal agent of Tomato early blight disease. The concentrations used in the study were 140, 280, 560, 1000 µl/L in the in vitro and 2.5, 5, 10, 20 µl/fruit under in vivo conditions. The obtained results indicate that the essential oils have great antifungal effect against Alternaria solani. In the in vitro trials, the essential oils from Thymus sipyleus and O.onites exhibited the highest antifungal effect and 100 % inhibited the growth of the fungi in all the concentrations. Under in vivo conditions, the essential oils from O.majorana and A. absinthium caused the highest inhibition of disease lesion development on the fruit. Their inhibition percentage was recorded as 84 % of O.majorana, and 64 % of A. absinthium at 2.5 µl/fruit concentrations. Although most of the essential oils had some degree of antifungal action, still much effort is needed to put on both in vitro and in vivo trials to strength the reliability and consistency of the future related researches.

This paper examined effect of celebrity expertise and congruence on consumer purchase intention of selected telecommunications firms in Lagos State. Also, it adopted survey research design. The population comprised of 85,819 students from Lagos State University (LASU), University of Lagos (UNILAG), and CALEB University. The sample size was 496 students of selected Universities in Lagos State. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was employed in the research work while data were gathered through the use of a questionnaire. The instrument was validated while the reliability tests ranged between 0.654 and 0.795. Data from the survey were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) modeling. This method was used as it has advantages in analyzing data from small samples and can be used for research with reflective and formative models. The results revealed that celebrity expertise has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intention of selected telecommunications companies in Lagos State. Also, the finding revealed that celebrity congruence has a significant effect on consumer purchase intention of selected telecommunications companies in Lagos State. The study concluded that celebrity expertise and congruence have significant effect on consumer purchase intention of selected telecommunications companies in Lagos State. It was therefore recommended that telecommunications companies should fine tune their campaign strategy by engaging expert endorsers in their brand promotion to increase sales and patronage.