This paper aims to analyze the Africa`s business environment and its dimensions in order to identify the most favorable destinations for starting a business. The methodology for this study includes a quantitative approach based on a composite instrument. The results of the empirical study show that three regions have a favorable business environment for starting a business, while the most important dimensions of business are related to costs incurred, time and procedures required and trade aspects.

In this study, parameters such as sapling development and morphological change, phenological properties, yield and quality of ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’, ‘Hasanbey’, ‘Kabaaşı’, and ‘Roksana’ apricot varieties grafted on Prunus microcarpa seedlings were measured. The study was carried out between 2011-2016 in the field and laboratories of the Kahramanmaraş East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute. In the development of rootstock diameter, the lowest was P. microcarpa rootstock (68.80 mm) while the highest seedling was P. armeniaca seedling (109.27 mm). The apricot varieties grafted on P. microcarpa showed a remarkable dwarf growing with an average shoot length of 83.65 cm, an average crown volume of 3.26 m3, and a trunk cross-section of 37.32 cm2. In addition, the yield was found to be significantly higher in trees grafted on P. microcarpa with a value of 0.20 kg/cm2 compared to the other two control rootstocks (0.16 kg/cm2). It was determined that total soluble solid content values did not differ statistically among rootstocks, and the fruit weight was higher than others at Pixy (P. institia) rootstock with a value of 42.44 g. Phenologically, it was seen that apricots grafted on P. microcarpa had earlier growing characteristic. Furthermore, the average flowering time was completed in a shorter time compared to the apricot grafted on the control rootstocks.

This study presents an engineeringly improved image-based steganography method to secure the personal shares generated within counting-based secret sharing. The share keys are normally produced without giving participants any preference for remembrance making involving this steganography as applicable tool for this challenge. This research adjusts the image steganography redistribution to embed share keys tested on colour stego-covers. The proposed method ensured that the shares hiding least-significant-bits locations differ within images to increase the level of practicality. The paper experimentation performance analysis show that this improved stego-image capacity is averagely better 33% than other steganography XOR oriented schemes as well as enhanced 67% over previous Steganography octagon approaches. Interestingly, these capacity improvements didn’t degrade the robustness and security of the system, motivating this research to be an opening direction for future coming improvements.

Plants to survive against to devastating impact of invasive biotic agents have to powerfully struggle in armed combat with microorganisms. Therefore they need to activate rapidly and efficiently pre-existing potential defensive chemicals. After upon perception initial external stimuli through cell membrane receptors and/or cytoplasmic resistance proteins before activity of related genes, some proteins participated in plant immune system undergo alterations referred as molecular modification. Phosphorylation is one of the first steps and most important modifications in signal transduction pathways of plant immunty. While transcription and translation of the gene dependening to molecular size, organism type, ribosome number is proceed in time unit from seconds to minutes, whereas phosphorylation is occurred in the time period expressed with milliseconds/seconds. Why does phosphorylation with compare to gene expression occur quickly in plant cells? In this commentary work inquired of this question, speedity of gene expression and phosphorylation processes on time profile is compared outlining with bionumbers

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been used in agricultural, including aerial spraying. However, there are still UAV operational parameters that need to be studied to reduce their influence on droplet distribution from aerial spraying. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the UAV flight height on the percentage of coverage, deposition, density, and relative amplitude of the droplets in different layers of the common bean canopy. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme in random blocks with three flight heights: 1.0; 1.5 and 2.7 m, two layers (lower and upper) of the bean crop canopy and eight replicates, with the bean being approximately 55 cm high (stage R4). In all treatments studied, significant differences were found for coverage and droplet density when analyzed in the canopy layer, implying greater coverage in the upper layer. The flight height of 2.7 m provided less deposition, coverage, and droplet density for the upper layer of the bean crop. In the upper layer, a lower relative amplitude of droplets was found when the flight height of 1.5 m was used.

Potato soft rot disease in cold storage or storing room is one of the main problems of the producers of this product. A large amount of potato tubers, which are kept in traditional storage rooms and cold rooms, are decayed because of soft rot disease. Pectobacterium carotovorum is dreadful causal agent of potato soft rot. In order to proteome analysis of inoculated potato (cv. Marfona as sensitive cultivar to soft rot) tubers with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, an experiment was performed. The proteomes of inoculated and non-inoculated (control) tubers were extracted using modified TCA-acetone method. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) approach used for analysis of changes of proteins in inoculated potato tubers compared with non-inoculated tubers. In this study, 125 repeatable protein spots were detected on 2DE gels, that 25 spots showed significant changes in expression. Among of identified proteins, 14 spots were down-regulated and 11 spots were up-regulated compared with control. The identified proteins were classified in 7 functional groups which regulatory proteins have the most contribution. Three proteins were identified as pathogen-related proteins, including Chloroplastic oxygen-evolving enhancer protein, Wall-associated receptor kinase and Basic helix-loop-helix protein. WAK proteins were down-regulated that this character could be a good reason to confirm the sensitivity of Marfona cultivar and inability of the plant to be resistant against pathogenic factor. Additionally, in this study, some proteins such as Cytokinin-beta-glucosidase were identified as defense proteins which has various roles in defense compounds and regulation of Cytokinin levels to increase plant resistance to stress. One of the identified proteins was Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 homolog that has an important role in antioxidant defenses and biotic stresses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between seg�mental body composition, obe�sity measures and body mass index (BMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Methods: 48 adult individuals (30 females and 18 males) at Applied Science Private University (ASU) Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics were participated in body composition analysis on 12 January 2020, and InBody 370S device was used to perform the analysis. Results: The results of BIA analysis, lean body mass and body muscle mass were found to be statistically significantly higher in obese female adults compared with obese boys. However, lean mass of the left arm, left leg muscle mass and basal metabolic rate were found to be statistically significantly( P< 0.05) lower in defined obese female compared none obese individuals. Conclusion: The results proof that both lean and fat segmental analysis are highly correlated values, and the level of obesity and segmental analysis for female and male adults can be considered in Obesity and disease preventions.