The main purpose of this research is to determine the benefits and satisfaction levels enabled by the agricultural aids for dairy cattle farms that are members of S.S. Çavuşlu Village Agricultural Development Cooperative in the Derince district of Kocaeli province and to provide policy proposals for ensuring the sustainability of farms. For this purpose, the data collected from 61 dairy farmers, who are members of the S.S. Çavuşlu Village Agricultural Development Cooperative, through the face-to-face questionnaire method were analyzed. The dairy farms\' activities in 2020 were analyzed under three groups based on the number of dairy cows. Farms with 5 or fewer dairy cows were designated as Group I (19 farms), farms with 6-10 dairy cows as Group II (21 farms), and farms with 11 and more dairy animals as Group III (21 farms). While evaluating the data, simple average and percentage calculations were performed. The Five-Point Likert Scale was used to evaluate the farmers’ opinions, expectations, and satisfaction levels regarding livestock support programs in the farms examined. The research employed the fuzzy pairwise comparison method to determine the support preferences of farmers in dairy cattle breeding. According to the results of the research, the average farm age was determined as 52.41 years, the average education level was 6.60 years, and the agricultural experience was 38.46 years. The average farmland size was 151.41 decares. The average number of dairy cows on the farms was 8.64. The average daily milk yield per animal was 12.68 kg. The average milk selling price was 0.37 USD/kg. According to the Fuzzy Pairwise Comparison, six different support tools were provided to farmers, and they chose milk and forage crop aids as priority support tools. High production costs, especially high feed prices, the inability to sell milk at an affordable price, and lack of support were the most significant problems identified in the farms. As a result, support policies for dairy cattle should be reviewed, payments should be made earlier, the amount of support provided should be increased, and farmers should be made aware of the organization.

This study aimed to determine the effect of cultivar, nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density on sorghum growth performance under different environmental conditions. A field experiment was carried out at two different locations of North-West province during 2016/17 and 2017/18 planting seasons. The experiment was laid out as a split split plot arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plot factors were higher plant density (33 333 plants/ha) and lower plant density (22 222 plants/ha). The subplot factors consisted of nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 100 and 150 kg/ha. The sub-sub plot factors included two sorghum cultivars, PAN 8625 and PAN 8816. The measured growth parameters were plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index. Sorghum fertilised with 100 kg N/ha had a significantly taller plant of 94.07 cm than sorghum fertilised with 0 and 150 kg N/ha at 51 DAP. During 2016/17 planting season, sorghum cultivar PAN 8625 had a significantly higher number of 13.29 leaves than PAN 8816 at 51 DAP. Sorghum cultivar PAN 8625 also had a significantly higher number of 12.71 leaves than PAN 8816 at 74 DAP. Sorghum growth was enhanced by application of 100 kg N/ha. In this study, sorghum cultivar PAN 8625 is recommended to farmers due to its superior growth performance.

Soil is the fertile and uppermost layer of the earth crust. To meet the requirements of increasing population, farmers used chemical fertilizers and insecticides to increase the crop yield. As a result of which the soil become saline or usar. So, here in this paper an effort has been made to treat such problem soil with certain amendments such as farmyard manure (fym) and prepared compost and make a comparative analysis by improving the physicochemical and microbiological status of the problem soil. Quantitative analysis of soil microfungi was performed under various combinations of amendments (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) with both farm yard manure and prepared compost was recorded in terms of IVI (individual value index). \nIn the present study both these (fym and prepared compost) were taken in the ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (w/w) separately and mixed with the powered soil samples. physicochemical and microbiological status of the control soil and various amendments was performed. The results clearly indicates that the values of water holding capacity, organic matter, total nitrogen, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable potassium amplified in both the farmyard manure and prepared compost. On the basis of results obtained of this comparative analysis it can be confirmed that various doses of prepared compost demonstrated improved reclamation of saline-alkali soil over the farm yard manure (FYM). The results of microbial population dynamics clearly depicted that prepared compost indicated improvement in all the three types of microflora i.e bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population over the control in comparison to farm yard manure (FYM). The improvement in the population of bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes is an indicative of improvement in soil reclamation and management of problem soil.

In this work we have tried to evaluate the amount of evapotranspiration emitted from each farming storey inside the oasis by monitoring profiles of global radiation, net radiation, sap flow , sensible heat flux end latent heat flux. The influence of water released from the oasis canopy on the atmosphere was studied by analysing profiles of air temperature, air relative humidity and air pressure inside and above the oasis. We have noticed that inside the oasis air temperature follows a decreasing function with the altitude in the early morning and later in the afternoon while it follows and increasing function with the altitude between 9 hour and 15 hour. For the relative humidity we have noticed that inside the oasis it follows the opposite walk of air temperature. Above the oasis, air temperature, relative humidity and air pressure, follow globally decreasing functions with altitudes. But we have recorded variability in the first altitudes for which the influence of vegetation canopies is important

Climate variability and climate change is nowadays the most widespread and serious environmental problems, and agriculture is one of the most vulnerable economic sectors. The impact of climate variability in countries like Iran, with its dry and semi-arid climate, can be much more serious than in other parts of the world. Therefore, adopting climate-smart approaches is inevitable to reduce the risk. In this study, the factors influencing the adoption of climate-smart activities among wheat farmers in Khuzestan province have been analyzed. These activities regard shifting to modern irrigation, use of resistant varieties, changing cropping time, reducing crop production, abandoning farming to non-agricultural jobs, and using greenhouse crops. Since the dependent variable in this study has a discontinuous nature (i.e. number of climate adaptation activities performed by farmers), the counting patterns in this research were used in 2017. A sample of 370 wheat farmers was selected by random cluster sampling method. The results of this study show that the generalized Poisson pattern is the most suitable pattern among the different patterns of regression. Agricultural land size, experience, income, perceptions about climate change and facing the risk are the main factors affecting the number of climate-compatible operations. Also, the risk ratio of 1.45 indicates that income and economic conditions are the most important factors in encouraging farmers to adapt to the climate variability in the province. Economic support (e.g. low-interest rates) and increasing farmers\' ability to counteract the negative impacts of climate variability in the province are among the suggestions of this study.

Nine samples of seedling strains and Sukari cv., of mango grown under North Delta location in Egypt were evaluated using fruit quality and ISSR marker analysis during 2018 season. The current study of (8) seeded strains and Sukari cv., under the conditions of North Delta, Egypt. All samples of new strains have commercial acceptance with high production and fruits of high weights ranging between 233.17-510.83g as compared to control. The results showed that strain number (8) recorded the highest values in most of all fruit characteristics tests of the evaluation, followed by the No.9, then the No.4, respectively. The genetic map shows the degree of hereditary kinship between strains, where strain 4 is closer to strain 9, and strain 4 to 9 are closer to strain 6-7, stroke 7 and its closest to strain 5, stroke 5 and its closest to strain 8, and strain 8 closer to 2 (Sukari cv.). Finally, it can be concluded that ISSR marker is a useful technique to distinguish the genetic differences between genotypes of mango under different environmental effect conditions. It can be said that the three strains 8, 9 and 4 have the most desirable commercial attributes of local or international standards.

Dramatic changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility after the mid-1980s. Childlessness is an important and growing issue and has increasingly become the focus of problem by Iranian population policy makers. Research method is secondary data analysis. Using the census micro-data of population and housing in 2016 an attempt was made to investigate the prevalence and predictors of childlessness among the married women aged 40-49. The data related to 85799 married women aged 40-49 were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the probability of Childlessness for the women with university degree, immigrant as well as employed women is more likely than other their counterparts. Also, the findings suggested that the odds of being childless for the women who are living an apartment as well as those who are resident in a personal housing is less likely than counterparts. With increasing household area, the probability of being childless for women decreases. The government planning and policy making related to reducing the proportion of childlessness should be aimed at improving household circumstances especially in the field of their housing.

The plant investigation has opened up a new respective biopharma research. Mangroves are specific group of salt tolerant plants that grow within coast regions of tropic and sub-tropic along the coastlines.Mangroves have been used in folk medicine for treatment of several. Compounds isolated from marine source have the chemical structures which are not commonly found in terrestrial counter parts. In recent years an increasing number of marine natural products have been reported to display antimicrobial, compounds. The knowledge of chemical constituents of mangrove plants is desirable to understand herbal drugs and their preparation. In the present study suggests that the Avicennia marina extract, significant implications in food and pharmaceutical industry as a source of basic material in the preparation of nutrient supplement products and fine chemical synthesis .The findings of this study revealed that the mangrove plant Avicennia marina leaf extracts could be used as a potential alternative for development of bioactive leads in the treatment of infections.