Irrigation water salinity is considered as a limiting factor for plant growth and yield in many parts of the world. Different species of thymus have numerous medicinal and therapeutic properties. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on morphophysiological traits of T. vulgaris the experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four salinity treatments (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM sodium chloride solution and in 5 replications at Islamic Azad University of Khoy in 2017. Results of analysis of variance showed that salinity had a significant effect on plant height, leaf number, leaf length and width, inflorescence length, number of inflorescences per plant, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per inflorescence, fresh and dry weight of shoots, Fresh and dry root weight, chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll content and these traits decreased at 100 mM salinity compared to the control treatment. Salinity had a significant effect on total proline and total phenol content and the amount of proline and total phenol increased by 62.5% and 96.17% in 100 mM salinity, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that T. vulgaris on salt levels can tolerate up to 50 mM sodium chloride and is sensitive to higher salinity levels.

The Genetic changes For (54) petroleum station workers performed as a result of petroleum exposure and its derivate. workers who works in kerbala they exposed to 3rd degree level of petrol compounds and its derivatives. Their ages were ranging from (20-58)years compared with (20) randomly selected sample from healthy workers who were not exposed to petrol as standard sample at the period from 1/ 10 / 2004 to 1 / 12 / 2005. Cytogenetic test to W.B.C for petroleum exposure workers by using the method of tissue Culture and Banding Technique compared with standard sample. The result of genetic test showed the occurrence numerical chromosomal changes were shown in two cases only,which their karyotype were (47, XY). The results referred also to a presence of numerical and structural complex chromosomal changes in one case, it\'s karyotype was : 47, XY, -17, -17, +der (17), -22, +der ( 22 ),+2dot mar\nMitotic index factor (MI) and Lymphoblast index factor (BI) were studied also, which they showed in general significant increase in petroleum exposure workers compared with standard sample, and When classified workers Were divided into two groups the first group smoker workers who spend more than 15 years in their jobs and their ages were more than 30 years old. The second group non-smoker workers who spend less than 15 years in their jobs and their ages were less than 30 years old. i t was noticed that there was an increase in MI and BI in first group compared with the second group . This study showed a presence of positive interference for the following factors : smoking, age , work site and work period with benzene exposure that lead to increase the poisoning effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum exposed workers.

The upstream oil and gas industry has direct impact on national oil and a multiplier effect on socio-economic. This study aimed to analyze the chronology of tenure issues in the upstream oil and gas industry and the potential socio-economic impacts of the upstream oil and gas tenure conflict in Riau, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis in the form of tabulations and was used to analyze secondary data such as regulation of the state-owned oil and gas assets status, land/tenure in Indonesia, chronology and procedures for land acquisition and forest area planning. The findings of this study showed that chronologically PT CPI\'s operations have been operating since 1924 in Riau and have experienced various forest regulatory regimes. PT CPI always complies with conflicting state regulations. The potential direct impact of stopping oil and gas activities in the Convertible Production Forest and Production Forest on production is by reducing the national oil production by 65 thousand barrels/day and approximately 4,800 employees that cannot be absorbed by the upstream oil and gas industry.

The contribution of improving phosphorous (P) use efficiency (PUE) in agricultural areas of Turkey to agricultural economics has been measured regionally for the years of 2007-2011 within this study. For this purpose, the economic benefit gained from use of P mineral fertilizers has been presented when improving PUE from 5% to maximum PUE in agricultural areas. PUE values used in this study were estimated by using hyperbolic regression model, which states the relationship between phosphorous input and output in agricultural areas of Turkey. The results showed that important economic benefit would be gained by improving PUE, even when PUE was improved to maximum level, this benefit would be almost the half of the expenses for purchasing P mineral fertilizers. Yearly average economic benefits gained from purchasing P mineral fertilizers would be 0.22 ($0.15 billion) and 0.82 billion TL ($0.56 billion) by 5% improving of PUE and reaching maximum PUE, respectively over the five years 2007-2011.