Populus nigra is a promising species in the search for new compounds with biological effects. To rush out this bioprospection process of P. nigra, the selected methods (allelopathy and disc diffusion technique) are admirable alternatives. The main purpose of this study was to find out the presence of different bioactive compounds, moreover the allelopathic effects and to substantiate the antimicrobial properties of the methanol extracts from P. nigra leaves. For antimicrobial activity, disc diffusion technique was used with nine strains of bacteria and one strain of fungus. The germination and growth trial were conducted with the extracts at concentrations of 0 and 1g, in a petri dish with 10 wheat seeds. Column chromatographic fractionation of methanol fraction obtained from aqueous extract of P. nigra leaves that cause 100% growth inhibition of wheat varieties was carried out for partial purification and the major fractions so obtained were scanned through GC-MS for presence of metabolites. Different organic fractions of P. nigra obtained through Column chromatography fractionation had a significant bearing on germination attributes and seedling growth that varied among tested varieties. The present study perceived that P. nigra is very rich in phytochemicals and the allelopathic action increased with increase in the solvent polarity. Results of antimicrobial activity shows that the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in Citrobacter spp (14 mm) at higher concentration 1.5 mg compared to standard Tetracyclin (16.5 mm). The current findings suggest that the P. nigra act as a natural factory for the biosynthesis of diverse chemicals compounds.

It is well known that the electrode shape, surface conditions and variety of involved processes objectively stipulate a number of factors which may lead to the breakdown in gases. Comprehensive studies indicate that the electric field distribution of different electrode configurations is different although the same voltage is applied across the electrode, which further leads to the disparate breakdown voltage amplitude. In this paper, the dependence of the breakdown formation and characteristics on the electrode arrangements (cylinder-cylinder, sphere-sphere and cylinder-sphere) have been studied by using COMSOL simulation package. The obtained simulation results agree well with the available experimental data and reveal that the breakdown voltage curves are strongly affected by the geometry of the electrode especially its edge sharpness. Based on the time evolution of the electron density and the electric potential distributions including electric field arrows the plasma formation between various electrode configuration could be followed. In addition, the calculated values for the breakdown voltage have been fitted in accordance with the simple empirical law. Results, presented here, could be useful in order to determine which configuration of electrodes will lead more easily to the breakdown.

Vajra Plane\nThunderbolt Vehicle\n\nVajra plane – a riding and flying vehicle. It is powered by two thunderbolts integrated into the supporting structure of the chassis.

Freshwater ecosystems have been studied across the world as an effective tool for better understanding of the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors; however, no much attention to ecological studies has been given to reveal biodiversity of Iraqi freshwaters. All of which is due to relying on classical methods of assessment of freshwaters, such as water pollution assessment, toxicity studies, and few and other studies on the freshwater microbiology, hence, these kinds of studies are still crucial. Other new approaches should be given into consideration when studying the biodiversity of the freshwater ecosystems and taxa in Iraq. Studies such as food webs, as well as stream hydrological studies, functional biodiversity, and other approaches are still necessary to be tackled as different prospective. Such new approaches can help to understand various conditions threaten aquatic biota and their habitat, and to mitigate the effect of the climate change, and then to contribute in paving the way toward better management of water resources and human services.

In this paper, we investigate certain properties of Saigo operator associated\nwith the Logarithmic coefficients of analytic functions in the punctured disk. The obtained results provide extension of the results given for Riemann-Liouville fractional\ncalculus operators.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding CuO nanoparticles (Nano CuO) at levels of 0, 30 and 60 ppm on in vitro gas production of some animal protein (poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal) and plant protein (soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal) sources. The gas production at, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours incubation were measured and 200 mg of samples were used for gas production analysis. The results showed that after 72 h of incubation, addition 30 ppm Nano CuO in soybean meal, rapeseed meal and blood meal increased the amount of gas production compared with control groups (P <0.05). Also, the amount of gas produced in the cottonseed meal increased by adding 60 ppm Nano CuO than the control group (P <0.05). The supplementation of 60 Nano CuO with cottonseed meal and blood meal increased the amount DOM, SCFA, ME and MP compared with control (P <0.05). While DOM, SCFA, ME and MP decreased by adding 60 Nano CuO to poultry offal meal and rapeseed meal compared with the control group (P <0.05). The effect of CuO nanoparticles on potential gas production (A) of animal and plant protein sources was significant (P <0.05). So, the gas production potential in rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, poultry offal meal and blood meal was the highest by adding 30 Nano CuO. In general, the use of Nano CuO could be improved fermentation parameters in some of the protein sources.