Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancers, most cases of HCC are secondary to a viral hepatitis infection. Many studies demonstrated the promising properties of macro-algae extracts, as anticoagulant, anti-proliferative, antiviral and anti-microbial. Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological entities has great interest due to their unusual optical, chemical, photo-electrochemical and electronic properties. Synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles would benefit for the development of clean, nontoxic and environmentally acceptable products. \n\nThis work aimed to investigate the alterations in expression of three hepato-cellular carcinoma related genes induced by extract of Ulva algae and its nanoparticles. These genes are Aldo-KetoReductase 1B10 (AKR1B10), Inhibitor of growth protein 3 (ING3) and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). The results showed that the expression levels of AKR1B10 and ING3 genes in liver tissues of NDEA-exposed mice treated with high dose of Ulva extract as well as low and high doses of Ulva extract nanoparticles were increased significantly compared with those in mice exposed to NDEA alone. Also, the expression level of FOXO1 gene was down-regulated in liver tissues of NDEA-exposed mice treated with high dose of Ulva extract as well as low and high doses of Ulva extract nanoparticles. \n\nFurthermore, the rate of DNA fragmentation in NDEA-exposed mice treated with high dose of Ulva algae extract as well as low and high doses of Ulva extract nanoparticles was decreased significantly compared to those in mice exposed to NDEA only. \n\nIt is concluded that the protective role of Ulva algae extract could be attributed to the polysaccharides as well as the flavonoids and terpenoids compounds that were identified in the algae extract. It has been found that these compounds have an effective role in increasing the antioxidant enzymes and the efficiency of the immune system.

Cocoa pod husk (CCP) was utilized as a multitasking material: its extract acting as a reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its residue serving the fabrication of activated carbon. The formation of AgNPs was monitored by UV-Vis Spectroscopy at the wavelength range of 400500 nm, with the optimized conditions involving the synthesis time of 180 minutes, the volume ratio of AgNO3 solution/CCP extract of 3/2, the AgNO3 concentration of 1.25 mM and the stirring rate of 300 rpm at room temperature in the presence of the light illumination. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results revealed the face-centered cubic structure of AgNPs with a highly crystalline and the particle size of 2030 nm. The highly negative potential of the AgNPs solution (−34.6 mV) evidenced a good colloidal nature, long-term stability, and high dispersion of AgNPs due to negative-negative repulsion. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, polyphenolics, and alkaloids components in CCP extract which can act as the reducing agents for AgNPs formation. The antibacterial effect of AgNPs was evaluated on five types of bacteria by implementing the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC, 10.1 μg/mL) and the zone of inhibition test (d > 13.0 mm). Besides, the cocoa residue obtained after the CCP extraction was used to fabricate activated carbon with the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of 7.7, a BET value of 603.3 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 14.2 Å, and a pore volume of 0.303 cm3/g. Its adsorption efficiency on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was observed in the following order: Methyl blue > Methyl orange > Rhodamine B > Cinnamic acid.

The experiment was carried out, during 2020, in the stored grain laboratory of College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah. The study based on checking the insecticidal potential of DE and tobacco extracts as biopesticide (Bio nicotine pesticide) against R. dominica, C. ferrugineus, L. paeta and T. granarium. Different factors have been studied like mortality and progeny emergence of tested substances against these four species. The novelty of this experiment is that such bioassay was not conducted in detailed previously in Pakistan. For this purpose, DE was tested with three concentrations of Bio nicotine pesticide (5, 2.50 and 1.25 mg/kg) on tested grains viz. wheat, rice and maize. Means were separated by Tukeys LSD test and results regarding mortality exhibited that DE alone has less toxic effects, whereas, Bio nicotine pesticide alone and in combination with DE showed maximum mortality of given species upto 168 hrs. The combine use of both substances enhanced the insecticidal means upto 98%. In crux, DE along with biopesticide specially against primary stored grain insect pests is not only economically useful but safer for grains and can be a good part of Integrated Pest Management Program.

The main purpose of the current study is to identify the Ooty lake water quality status using WATCLAST program. To Analysis Lake water quality 300 lake water samples were collected in five different locations of the lake from 2013 to 2017. The collected lake water samples were tested for 14 different physiochemical parameters. The annual average (Monthly wise) data is obtained and the analysis is carried out. The physicochemical characteristic of the collected lake water samples were analyzed by water chemistry studies, Water Quality Index and WATCLAST program. The water chemistry analysis showed that the annual average values of cations and anions order as Na > Ca > K > Mg and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 > NO4 > F > PO4 respectively. The parameters like pH, TDS, HCO3, Cl, NO3, PO4 and K values are very low compared with WHO standards, this mainly due to direct disposal of domestic wastewater into the lake and this evaluation shows that the lake water is not permissible for drinking purpose. Based on the WQI analysis, all the samples were in poor category during this study. The WATCLAST analysis shows that the values of Na%, SAR, RSC, permeability index and chlorides of water samples within the limit and that indicates the lake water is suitable for irrigation purposes. For the domestic purpose, the lake water is not suitable because 90% of samples in the unsafe category as per corrosivity ratio and 82% of samples were in permanent hardness. This study concluded that the entire lake water is suitable for only irrigation purposes

Solid waste management and energy crisis are the prominent issues all over the world. Organic waste decomposes under anaerobic condition to produce biogas. The present work explores the co-digestion of vegetable waste (VW) and fruit waste (FW) were prepared at different ratio with cow dung and horse dung for the digestion under mesophilic conditions and observed for maximum biogas production. Three different mixing ratio (25:75, 50:50, 75:25) of VW & FW are used in the investigation. The biogas yield was obtained in the order of VW & FW as (75%%>50P%>25u%). Mixing ratio used in the experimental investigation is found to be optimum which gave maximum yields within 27 days of retention time, while adding with different inoculum. The result shows the positive relation on the application of horse dung. The study helps to identify the optimum mixing ratio and to set up small scale optimized biogas plant with locally available damaged vegetable and fruit waste.

This paper contains the results of a new experimental study of the walnut oilcake influence, common walnut (Juglans regia L.) which are grown and sold in R.Moldova, in the quality and direction of the fermentation process, the sensory and functional quality of yogurt with walnut oilcake compared to classic yogurt. It was found that the walnut oilcake has a positive effect on the quality and stability of the product, a yogurt with a more relevant nutritional value was obtained than the one produced by the classic method. The influence of different concentrations of walnut oilcake (Junglas Regia L) 2, 5, 10 and 20% was evaluated. Walnut oilcake has been found to influence the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria, and the accumulation of lactic acid. Also was investigated the amino acid composition of the yogurt samples. Lysine content increased by 6.1% for sample yogurt with 2% walnut oilcake and 30.52% for yogurt with 10% walnut oilcake. The highest increasing share refers to the leucine content 20.52% for yogurt with 2% walnut oilcake and 102.62% for yogurt with 10% walnut oilcake. It is proposed to use walnut oilcake in the manufacture of yogurt to diversify the range of fermented products.

Online social networking is a way to establish a well-balanced connection between people. A larger number of online social network (OSN) sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn are used to find the contextual relations among the users and their friend list. Any user can see other people\'s profile details. In the proposed system, if any user wants to generate a friend request then send a request with some of the listed activity, then people received this request can view the activity status at the bottom of the request information. The current services of social networking suggest friends based on the network of the respective individual. This may not be the perfect way to recommend friends to the respective user due to privacy issues. In this proposed work, a novel social network friend recommended system is developed using the integrity of each user and their friend’s list. In this work, a graph clustering algorithm is implemented using the MD5 integrity technique as trust-based friend recommended system. Experimental results proved that the present model is better than the traditional OSN friend recommended systems in terms of accuracy is concerned.