It is of great importance in livestock increased biomass production, to decrease the opening of new areas for the implementation of forage, favoring the productive and environmental context. The increase in capacity is the reconstitution of soil fertility, particularly nitrogen. The objective of the study was to evaluate green and dry biomass of leaf blades and stems plus sheaths of forage Brachiaria. The experiment was conducted from November to April of 2014/15 in Alta Floresta-MT, Brazil. The treatments were two forage (cv. Marandu and Mulato II), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) in factorial scheme 2x2x5. It was determined during the six months the green and leaf dry biomass, stem and total. Nitrogen fertilization had increasing linear effect on the productive characteristics, with greater accumulations of biomass at a dose of 200 kg ha-1 of N. The application of high doses are favored with the source of ammonium sulfate, due to lower nitrogen losses from volatilization. Forage did not show great disparity for foliar dry matter production, stem, full and green stalk weight.

The aim of present study was to find out the suitable concentration of growth hormones for in vitro micropropagation of potato. Four exotic genotypes viz CIP-4, CIP-6, CIP-10 and CIP-22 were used as explants. Incubation of explants were begun on agar solidified (7g/L) Murashige and Skoog\'s (MS) media comprising sucrose (3%). This media was supplied with various levels of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), gibberellin (GA3) and benzyl amino purine (BAP). Outcome exhibited wide range of response of genotypes for height, nodes, shoot, leaves and root per plant. GA3 with 10 and 8 mg/L greatly increased the height, nodes and leaves of plants, respectively. Alike, more number of shoots recorded for BAP at 10 mg/L whereas NAA at 10 mg/L increased roots in potato genotypes. However, among potato genotypes, maximum plant height and roots was noted for CIP-10 while CIP-6 produced more number of nodes and leaves. CIP-4 genotype produced more number of shoots. The describe protocol may be helpful to begin micropropagation in potato and would overcome the complications of conventional propagation of potato crop

Despite all the economic importance of maize, there is still a gap between domestic supply and demand, resulting in food insecurity since maize is a major cereal in Ghana. This study analyzed profit efficiency and factor that influence it, using data collected from 600 maize farmers from Ghana. The study employed the Stochastic Frontier Model\'s Cobb-Douglas function as the primary method for analyzing profit efficiency. The results revealed an increase in the price of input resources like fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, seed, labor, and rent on farmland would decrease the profit efficiency among smallholder maize farmers in Ghana. The average profit efficiency for maize producers in Ghana was 46.8%. The study also found gender, government subsidies, education, access to extension services, access to credit, membership of farmer groups/association to negatively impact profit inefficiency. Therefore, all other things being equal would decrease the profit inefficiency among smallholder farmers. On the contrary, land fragmentation and farmer\'s age would increase the profit inefficiency of smallholder farmers. Based on the results, stakeholders should subsidize the price of input resources like fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and improved seed to make it affordable to farmers.