Fig tree which is also known as (Ficus Carica L) was mentioned once in Quran in surah AL-TEEN. In that same surah, God swore to figs because of its great benefits. This paper aims to describe the properties of fig composition and nutrients, as well as its advantage and usage in trad medical practices in treating several health issues. The fig tree has been used as a therapy for various disease such as inflammation, gastric problems cancer, hepatoprotective, diabetes, constipation, and can also reduce Alzheimer�s. Ficus carica L. is one of the oldest trees belonging to the family of Moraceae. Figs are not only delicious but are rich in minerals including potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and copper. It is a sweet fruit with multiple seeds and soft skin, which can be eaten when ripened or dried, and it is usually found in Asia, India. Despite been rich in minerals, figs are good source of anti-ointment-inflammatory and anti-microbial which contain high amounts of phenolics, organic compound and volatile acid. Figs are also good source of fiber and vitamin A and K that contributes to healthy living. This review is to collect information about fig components and to determine the health and medical benefits of fig.
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of proteins molecules which are referred as cytokines. These molecules have an important role in the immune system where they considered the key for different biological activities related to immune function including the activation, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of immune cells. \n\nFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease which attacks most of cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, buffalo and others like pig, sheep and goat. This serious disease is considered a severe threat for animal health all over the world and causes a huge loss of animal productions.\n\nBuffalo has an essential role in food security for millions Egyptian peoples where it is considered the main source of meat, milk and other dairy products. The buffalo\'s production faces a serious loss due to the infection with different pathogens including bacteria or viruses like FMDV. The limited efficiency of some vaccines in addition to the possibility of the accidental release of virus during vaccine preparation leads to the investigation of alternative strategies to control FMD. The earliest diagnosis of infected subclinical animals may reduce the spreading of infection. The difference in expression profiles of interleukins has an important role in the early detection of subclinical FMD. This work aimed to assess the gene expression of 10 interleukins in buffalo infected with Foot and Mouth disease using Qt-PCR.\n\nThe results revealed that the gene expression of seven out of ten tested interleukins, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12, were increased in FMD-infected buffaloes by 2.1, 2.3, 1.2, 2.0, 4.2, 1.3 and 2.7 folds, respectively with different statistical levels comparing to their expression in healthy animals. On the other hands, there were insignificant increases in the expression of the other three tested interleukins (IL-2, IL-6 and IL-13) between infected and healthy animals.\n \nIt is concluded that the expressions of most tested interleukins in FMD-infected buffaloes elevated than those in healthy animals. This findings enable the early diagnosis of Foot and Mouth infection in buffalo and consequently the reduction of wide spreading of this serious disease among buffalo\'s herds and decrease the loss of its economically productions
Pantai Panjang is a coastal ecosystem that is used for industrial activities and ship traffic activities. The impact that will occur is environmental damage. This study aims to assess the status of the marine environment. Assessment of seawater quality by experimental methods is then compared with seawater quality standards based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. The composition and structure of marine life were assessed based on the relative abundance index, diversity index, species evenness index, and dominance index using the Shannon Winner method. Analysis of coral reef status by calculating the percentage of the total area of coral cover using the transect plot sampling method. Observation of invasive species using direct observation techniques. The results showed that the seawater quality index was lightly polluted (1.0<1.421-1,773≤5.0), plankton diversity index 1<1.520-1.748<3 in the medium polluted category, evenly distributed plankton index (E>0.848 – 0.919), plankton dominance index. with a low value ( 0.201-0.254 0.864 - 0.988), the benthos dominance index is low (0< 0.257-0.322=0.5). The percentage of coral cover at location 2 is 4.5%, and location 1 has no coral cover. Panjang coastal waters are classified as moderately polluted, with a percentage of coral cover in damaged condition and identified species of barnacles as invasive species, therefore Panjang coastal conditions require serious attention.