Marek\'s disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative diseases of chickens; in this study the incidence of MD was investigated in Amman’s municipalty slaughter house and suspected broiler farms located in Amman region by histopathology and ELISA. For the subclinical MD investigation, a total 100 chickens originated from Ammans municipality slaughter house were examined where blood samples were tested for antibody presence by ELISA kit together with histopathology, Parallely for clinical MD investigation, 100 chickens from 10 broiler farms were examined by histopathology and ELISA\nBased on the obtained results 70% of the blood samples from clinical and subclinical cases tested positive using ELISA kit, about 30 % of the liver samples (with average age of 35 days) collected from the slaughter house showed pleomorphic lymphoid cell proliferation and infiltration of mononuclear cells as subclinical MD. The microscopic results of examined broilers (average age of 36 days) with clinical signs of MD like spleen and liver enlargement, the presence of lymphomas showed pleomorphic lymphoid cell proliferation in spleens (23% ) and livers(20%). Now in Jordan, MD vaccination is not routinely done but recombinant vaccines that use mareks disease virus are used, which could explain the high prevalence of the antibodies against MD virus

Integrated farming system (IFS) evolved I space and time, and ways of thinkingaboutthem.In the last two decades, rapid evolution occurred when crop and livestock yields, along with concerns about their socio-economic and biophysical trade. The application of agricultural systems research (FSR) to agricultural development has been a response to problems resulting from a predominantly reductionist approach to research and a cornucopian view of external inputs. Modern technologies were either unwanted or unintentional negative trade-offs were induced. This paper reviews FSR definitions and forms and the need to evolve in thinking about the development of agriculture.It is argued that FSR can only advance if in thinking about IFS growth the full portent of these issues is considered. Reality\'s uncertainty should help scientists think more carefully about the right approach to get people out of poverty. Research on replications of the popular micro-credit programs of the Bangladesh Grameen Bank in Asia shows that there is an ideal progression for farm families in the subcontinent that even the poor aspire. Based on this experience, poor women are investing in small animals and the household is getting out of poverty step by step. Research on local capital is facing a tremendous and unmet challenge to

Worldwide, due to growing urbanization, industrialization, and coastal development, coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors. Coral reefs along the Thousand Islands off Jakarta, one of the world\'s largest mega-cities, have dramatically degraded in recent decades. There has been extensive study of the shift and decline in coral cover and composition with a focus on large- scale gradients (i.e. regional drivers), but there is still a lack of special focus on local drivers in shaping spatial community composition. Here, the spatial impact on coral reefs north of Jakarta of anthropogenic stressors on local and regional scales was investigated. Results indicate that Jakarta\'s direct impact is largely limited to inshore reefs, separating reefs further north in Jakarta Bay from reefs along the Thousand Islands. Due to localized anthropogenic effects rather than regional gradients, a spatial patchwork of differentially degraded reefs is present along the islands. Pollution is the main anthropogenic stressor, with more than 80% variation in the composition of the benthic community driven by sedimentation rate, NO2, PO4 and chlorophyll a. The spatial structure of reefs is therefore directly linked to extreme anthropogenic pressure from both local and regional sources. Therefore, for effective marine conservation, improved spatial management that accounts for both local and regional stressors is needed.

Poultry production is also one of the leading sectors.This industry can provide multiple opportunities to enhance GDP value and equal distribution by providing food security and self-employment, as well as reducing poverty on a large scale. It provides about 44% of daily human intake of the animal proteins which comes from these livestock products. It also includes the outbreak of various diseases, inadequate capital and finance, and the increasing nature of the cost of poultry.This industry also produces high quality protein at low cost which is beneficial to humans. There are benefits as well as some disadvantages to this problem, like lack of quality chicks, high price of feed, marketing problem, insufficient bank loan, lack of quality vaccine, bird flu. It is also said that to import poultry products huge amount of valuable foreign exchange will be spent. In this article we are going to see the contribution of poultry industries and challenged faced by the production and rearing of poultry. And also, by this article useful recommendations and solutions will be offered by result of the study.

Agriculture plays a vital role in India\'s economy. Agriculture and food policy lies the heart of many pressing social issues. Today and economic analysis occupy a privileged place in contemporary policy. The challenge of melting in which the increased food demand in the face of increase quickly resurfaced as high level policy concert .The quick recap of food prices and mounting resources formant by contestation over ruse resources agriculture technology changes especially associated with the introduction of genetically modified organisms, also introduced property rights and characterization. The Netherlands were them into usable land. The other is to restore damaged land as to be usable land to its original state such as to be maintained. Genetically modified organisms also introduce unprecedented questions surrounding intellectual.

Via national, regional and global initiatives and collaborations, there is now an increasing awareness and commitment of the global community to achieve more sustainable and broad-based agricultural growth by addressing gender-related issues in agriculture. Agricultural research needs to address these existing gaps and the emerging challenges of sustainable development and livelihood of resource poor small holders, especially women farmers. At home and at the farm, we are all aware of the problems women face. To improve farm productivity and empowerment, effective technologies must be provided to farm women. This paper mainly emphasizes the role of women in various agricultural sectors as well as the drudgery activities performed by women in agricultural activities. It is also estimated that women make up 45.3 percent of the agricultural labor force. Agriculture continues to absorb and employ female labor force in developing countries such as India, but fails to recognize them as employed / hired workers. In developing countries, women made up 38 percent of the agricultural labor force.

This article concern with the development of the number of periodic solutions for ordinary differential equation. We investigated focal values for first order non-autonomous differential equation for periodic solutions from a fine focus z=0. Periodic solutios with polynomial coefficients are executed for classes C_{9,4},C_{9,5} and C_{9,6}. Limit cycles are found for both non-homogeneous and homogenous polynomials with trignometric coefficients for classes C_{14,7}, C_{16,8} and C_{5,5}, C_{6,6} respectively. We succeeded to find highest known multiplicity 10 for the class C_{9,4} with algebraic and C_{5,5}, C_{6,6} with trignometric coefficients, by using bifurcation methods, that occur under perturbation of the coefficients. Various cases has been discussed which proves the generality and authenticity of the method presented.

Melanoma is the most dangerous sort of skin malignant growth that influences all around. 2-3 million people every year. Early diagnosis of melanoma reduces the death rates. In the diagnostic process dermoscopic skin image is taken and it is exposed to preprocessing and post processing. In this work top hat transform, dilation, median filter and Unsharp masking are done. The image is segmented by Otsu’s method and morphological operations. The features are extracted by ABCD and GLCM feature extraction techniques. The extracted features are initially separately given to the classifier and then features are combined together and given to classifiers. Classification is done by KNN and ANN classifier. The performance measures are analyzed based on classifier output for individual and combined feature inputs. Accuracies of KNN classifier are 70%, 86.7% and 96.7% for ABCD, GLCM and ABCD + GLCM features respectively. Accuracies of ANN classifier are 96.2%, 96.5% and 97% for ABCD, GLCM and ABCD + GLCM features respectively. Better accuracy occurs in ANN classifier for combinational feature inputs.

Synthetic compounds tend to display better biological activity in comparison with the parent natural product. The authors report here short communication of a series of Prenyl substituted compounds were synthesized. Synthetic lupinifolin and 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) benzopyran-4-one were prepared and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscope and melting point. And detailed mechanism of lupinifolin is discussed. 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-prenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-4, 6-dimethoxy-3-prenylacetophenone and chaclone indtermediates were synthesized. The synthetic compounds obtained as a yellow powder and brownish powder were confirmed to be Lupinifolin and 2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-H-1-benzopyran-4-one respectively by comparing the obtained IR and 1H-NMR spectral data with the literature.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known signaling molecule that plays an important role in resistance against pathogens as well as adaptation to some abiotic stress factors such as drought, heavy metal toxicity, chilling, heat and osmotic stress and can be a factor effective treatment for plants. The impact of SA on different plant processes under optimal environmental conditions is controversial. Also, SA as a plant growth regulator may have a positive effect on the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes of different plant species. However, SA may act as a stressor, and may have a negative impact on different plant processes. Recent results indicate that controlled levels of SA in plants are important for improving performance and adaptation to environmental stimuli and emphasize its important role in plant health and protection. The present study investigated the effect of SA on different plant processes.

Abstract: This study was conducted as a factorial layout based on completely randomized design in three replications in the 2018. The experimental factors included irrigation intervals with 4 levels (3, 6, 9, and 12 days) and drought stress modifiers at four levels (control (no-spraying), spraying with salicylic acid (2 mM), Glycine betaine (5 mM) and zinc sulfate (5 g/l). The results indicated that the effect of different levels of drought stress and stress modifiers on yield, water use efficiency, membrane lipidation indices and water relationship indices were significant. The highest water use efficiency based on dry yield (WUEDY) (2.33 kg/m3) and water use efficiency based on essential oil yield (WUEEOY) (0.22 kg/m3) were obtained from irrigation intervals of three days. The lowest WUEDY (0.14 kg/m3) and water use efficiency based on essential oil yield (WUEEOY) (0.01 kg/m3) were gained from irrigation intervals of 12 days. With increasing irrigation interval from three days to 12 days, dry yield, leaf water content, WUEEOY, cellular membrane stability (CMS), membrane stability index (MSI), total chlorophyll, chlorophyll index, canopy temperature depression (CTD), and relative water content decreased. However, injury index (I), water saturation deficit (WSD), osmotic potential (OP), electrolyte leakage (EL), essential oil percentage and leaf temperature increased significantly. It seems that at all levels of irrigation, spraying with glycine betaine in comparison with other modifiers was more effective in increasing WUEDY, WUEEOY, CMS, MSI, total chlorophyll and relative water content and decrease in I and WSD, EL. Although the highest essential oil percentage (0.13%) was obtained from the irrigation interval of 9 days, essential oil yield decreased significantly in this treatment due to the severe decline in plant growth. Based on the findings, it can be stated that although increasing the irrigation intervals, quantitative and qualitative yields of the pot marigold plant is reduces. The application of drought stress modifiers can reduce the effects of drought stress on this plant, thereby raising WUEDY and WUEEOY.