Rambutan has a long history not only as a delicious and succulent fruit, but also as a traditional medicine. Rambutan is a good source of natural sugars, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and it is also a modest source of fiber, and contains several B vitamins. Its seeds are bitter and narcotic, while its fruits considered astringent, stomachic, vermifuge and febrifuge. The fruit of rambutan is utilized for consumption, such as fresh fruit, canned fruit, juice, jellies, or jam. It contains of antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, biosorbent, antiadipogenesis properties. The most important traditional health benefits of rambutan consist of decreasing unwanted fat, source of iron, its usage in skin and hair care, it is rich in vitamin C, it improves sperm quality, it has anti-cancer characteristics. The obtained findings suggest potential of rambutan as a super-fruit with incredible pharmaceutical advantages.

Cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world and it is increasing in the world especially in developing countries. Medicinal herbal plants have attracted Iranians since the beginning of the history. Many herbs and spices have anticancer properties which can be useful in different stages of growth of cancer cells and even they are effective to prevent it. Iranian and Arabic traditional medicines are regarded as a comprehensive medical school with a long, glorious and worldwide reputation. All relevant papers in the English language from different researchers were collected. The keywords of Iranian herbal medicine, traditional Persian medicine, Islamic traditional medicine and cancer were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate and Google. Plant-derived drugs are the integrated therapeutic approach to use herbal plants or plant chemical components as effective resource of disease management. The most important traditional medicinal herbs in the middle eastern countries are Aracia seyal, Acorus calamus, Agaricus campestris, Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Artemisia absinthium, Arum palaestinum, Astoma seselifolium, Beta vulgaris, Boswellia carterii, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleraceae, Bryonia syriaca, Capparis spinosa, Cassia senna, Ceterach officinarum, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Cichorium intybus, Cinnamomum camphora, Citrullus colocynthis, Commiphora molmol, Crataegus azarolus, Crocus sativus, Cucumis melo, Matricaria aurea, Narcissus tazetta, Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, Peganum harmala, Pistacia lentiscus, Punica granatum, Quercus calliprinos, Thymus vulgaris, Triticum aestivum, Zingiber officinal, Urtica pilulifera, Viscum cruciatum, and Vitis vinifera. Alkaloids also represent an important group of anticancer drugs of plant origin with tremendous potential for progress of cancer therapy. It is clear that traditional herbal science, specially Iranian herbal medicine is as an adjunct to assist treatment and reduce symptoms and side effects of cancer. There is an increasingly potential for traditional medicinal herbals plants in the world, especially the Middle East as alternative and complementary medicines for treating cancer.

To ensure quality of concrete in construction, compressive strength is the key parameter to be evaluated. Different shapes and sizes of specimen are used for the purpose. Variation of shape and size of specimen have effect on the resulting strength. Therefore, in this research article effect of size of cylinder specimen on compressive strength and tensile strength of green concrete made by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with old demolished concrete is presented. Total of 600 cylinders are cast. Out of these specimens, 100 cylinders are cast with conventional concrete to compare the strength results. Five different sizes of cylinders with L/D ratio equal to 2 are used. All the samples are cured for 28-days using standard water curing. The compressive strength results obtained are analysed. Strength variation is presented along with correction co-efficient with respect to standard size of green concrete and conventional concrete cylindrical specimen.

This paper discusses the determinants of corporate environmental disclosure by industrial Saudi listed firms. Using a sample of 63 industrial firms listed in Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2018 and a fixed effect panel data, we test the effect of corporate governance variables, firms\' characteristics and CEOs financial education on the level of environmental information disclosure. Two measures of corporate environmental disclosure are used based on Global Reporting Initiative and the content analysis technique. Our results show that the presence of environmental committee and the firm age are the most relevant factors that can influence the corporate environmental disclosure in annual reports in the Saudi context. In order to urge Saudi firms to pay more attention to the environment and adopt strategies to conserve it as well as disclose environmental information, decision makers are invited to convert the nature of the environmental committee from an optional committee to mandatory committee.

Carotenoid oxygenase is a key enzyme in carotenoid metabolism leading to the synthesis of two phytohormones, strigolactone and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as norisoprenoids. It is proven by many studies that CCD1 plays an important role in defense against abiotic stresses in different plants such as Arabidopsis and soya beans. Full-length cDNA sequence encoding mulberry carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (MCCD1) was cloned based on mulberry expressed sequence tags (EST). Sequence analysis shows that MCCD1 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1626bp and encodes 542 amino acids. Its predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point (Ip) were known to be 61.08 kDa and 6.06 respectively. The amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA sequence of MCCD1 belongs to RPE65 superfamily and has a Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein (RTE) domain. Phylogenetic relationships and the transcriptional response of MCCD1 gene to the three abiotic stresses (drought, NaCl, and ABA) were understudied to characterize its potential role to plant resistance. The transcriptional responses of MCCD1 under the stress conditions were significantly altered when assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The fluctuations in the mRNA transcriptional levels of MCCD1 under the various abiotic conditions with respect to time show that the gene might be involved in stress resistance regulation processes in mulberry.

This study attempts to explore the factors affecting rice production in rural south-eastern Cambodia. Data applied in this study was obtained from the household survey in rural farmers. It was conducted in three provinces of Cambodia namely; Takeo, Kandal and Kompong Speu from which, 240 households are randomly selected based on the regulation and sample distribution. The estimated parameters were computed by the Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that seed, fertilizer, herbicides, family size, and income off-farm were significant and a major determinant in the wet season paddy output. In similarly, fertilizer, pesticides, transportation, and income off-farm jobs were significant at 1% level, and irrigation, household labor, and family size were significant at 5% and 10% level, respectively. When a 1% increase rice inputs would increase rice output by 0.69%, 0.17%, 0.51%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.04%, 0.76%, 0.21% and 0.41% for seed, fertilizer, pesticide, household labor, hired labor, irrigation, transportation, family size, and income off-farm jobs, respectively in dry season, while wet season would increase by 0.072%, 0.259%, 0.043%, and 0.049% respectively for seed, fertilizer, herbicides and family size. Furthermore, the deficiency of high-quality varieties and other inputs are included lack of capital, lack of technology, lack of researcher or technician and development institutions to improve rice production efficiency and market information in Cambodia are challenges of household farmers to increase rice productivity and income generation.

Soil organic amendments can be used to improve soil fertility, quality, and increase crop productivity. These investigations were carried to examine the effects of several organic soil amendments (biochar and two commercial composts) using two different soils (cropped and un-cropped), and evaluating several soil properties (soil texture, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, organic matter (OM), water holding capacity (WHC), total organic carbon (TOC), and on plant growth of two crops (broccoli and okra) following organic methods. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design over a period of 10 weeks. The biochar amendment improved the soil quality significantly through enhancing the soil OM, WHC, and TOC but it did not affect significantly the soil pH, plant height or biomass. Compost supplements resulted in a significant increase in the soil EC, and OM. This study highlights the effects of organic amendments on the soil properties and plant growth using previously cropped and un-cropped soils.

Gaharu leaf extract produces threshold, antioxydant compound and antibacterial characteristics in diverse quantity. Extraction was done through maseration and Soxhlet methods by using solvents of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extraction result showed that the highest threshold value of 18.4% was found on treatment combination of ethanol solvent and Soxhlet method. Total content of phenol and tannin of gaharu leaf extract was in the range of 11.2 to 18.62 mg/ml and 12.82 to 13.41%, respectively. Antibacterial characteristics of gaharu leaf extract on Gram-positive test of Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Gram-negative test of Escherichia coli having resistant capacity diameters in the range of 5.33 to 6.33 mm and 4.00 to 5.00 mm, respectively. Gaharu leaf extracted with ethanol solvent using Soxhlet method had antioxidant and antibacterial compounds.