The paper focuses on the dielectric characterization of ZrxLa1-xOy thin films. High-k ZrxLa1-xOy thin films were prepared on Si (1 0 0) substrate by sol-gel method. The dielectric characteristics were recorded in Zr atomic fractions in the combined is at the range of x = 5% to 60%. The influence of the annealing temperature and the insulator thickness was examined. We found that the dielectric properties are very sensitive to the annealing. It was shown that high crystallization temperature of dielectric are assigned to amorphous and nanocrystallite structure of gate oxide. Annealing suppresses lower dielectric relaxation as the annealing temperature increases. Such results are attributed to the presence of insulating grain boundary barrier layers. The properties of the ZrxLa1-xOy thin films were evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Capacitance–Voltage (C–V), Current–Voltage (I–V), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques.
In late years much attention has been given to assessment on the components of the nephron elements and the capillaries surrounding the nephron. Quantitative analysis on kidney in three species Gallus domesticus, Passer domesticus and Columba Livia Domestica were studied. Volumes and surface areas of renal components measured. Finestructure of proximal convoluted tubules included intercellular space that was occupied by interdigitations folds in basolateral membrane level. Distal tubules included microvilli in apical of the basement membrane into tubular lumen. In microscopic viewpoint, among birds Domestic fowl revealed an increase of the cortical tissue volume compared to two other species as this trend was true for medulla in this bird than two additionally species. Higher volumes and surface area of renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules were seen into the cortex in Domestic fowl in comparison with two species and House sparrow included lesser values from implicit parameters. In house sparrow surface area and volume of the proximal tubules, thin and thick limb of Henle and collecting ducts was lowest values while Domestic pigeon was intermediate values in these parameters. Blood capillaries in Domestic fowl had greatest volume and surface area within cortex and medulla. In this study suggested that values of the volume and surface area in structural elements of birds\' renal nephron play a role in concentrate of urine.
This paper analyzed the impact of domestic violence on HIV vulnerability using the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. Fuzzy set method was used to construct indices of HIV vulnerability and its correlates were determined by Tobit regression. It was found that among the selected HIV vulnerability attributes, the number of other wives contributed the most (10.30 percent) to HIV vulnerability indices, while North Central and South-South zones had the highest average HIV vulnerability of 0.0669 and 0.0633, respectively. At the state level, Niger, Enugu and Nasarawa states recorded the highest average HIV vulnerability indices of 0.0889, 0.0879 and 0.0864. respectively. Also, the most reported domestic violence against women were violation of women’s right to ask for the use of condom in sexual relationships (68.32 percent) and lack of power to refuse sex (44.92 percent). The Tobit regression showed that HIV vulnerability was significantly promoted (p<0.05) by majority of the included domestic violence variables in addition to husbands’ smoking habit, consumption of alcohol, number of wives, and ignorance about HIV. Access to media (newspaper, radio and television) and wife’s years of education significantly reduced HIV vulnerability (p<0.05). It was inter alia noted that within some socio-cultural norms, programmes and policies to advocate for enforcement of women’s rights in sexual and marital issues are needed.
An ideal I is a family of subsets of positive integers N which is closed under\ntaking finite unions and subsets of its elements. A sequence (xk) of real numbers is said\nto be lacunary I-convergent to a real number `, if for each \" > 0 the set\n8<\n:r 2 N :\nX\nk2Jr\n|xk − `| \"\n9=\n;\nbelongs to I. The aim of this paper is to study the notion of lacunary I-convergence in\nprobabilistic normed spaces as a variant of the notion of ideal convergence. Also lacunary\nI-limit points and lacunary I-cluster points have been defined and the relation between\nthem has been established. Furthermore, lacunary-Cauchy and lacunary I-Cauchy sequences\nare introduced and studied. Finally, we provided example which shows that our\nmethod of convergence in probabilistic normed spaces is more general.